Комментарий к Маасер шени 3:13
בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְפַתֵּחַ וּמְעָרֶה לַגַּת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְפַתֵּחַ וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְעָרוֹת. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לִמְכֹּר סְתוּמוֹת. אֲבָל בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לִמְכֹּר פְּתוּחוֹת, לֹא יָצָא קַנְקַן לְחֻלִּין. אֲבָל אִם רָצָה לְהַחְמִיר עַל עַצְמוֹ לִמְכֹּר בְּמִדָּה, יָצָא קַנְקַן לְחֻלִּין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, חָבִית זוֹ אֲנִי מוֹכֵר לְךָ חוּץ מִקַּנְקַנִּים, יָצָא קַנְקַן לְחֻלִּין:
Бейт Шаммай говорит: [если кто-то хочет продавать кувшины вина Маазер Шени, не делая сами кувшины Маасер Шени ], он открывает [кувшины] и наливает их в винный пресс, а Бейт Гилель говорит: он открывает но не нужно лить. Что касается этих слов? В месте, где они продаются закрытыми, но в местах, где продаются открыто, кувшин не превращается в Чулин . Но если [продавец] хочет быть строгим с самим собой и продавать, [указав] меру, кувшин становится чулинским . Раввин Шимон говорит: даже тот, кто говорит своему товарищу: «Этот бочонок, который я вам продаю - кроме кувшинов», - становится кувшином Чулина .
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
מפתה ומערה לגת – if he comes to dedicate from one on the entire after he had sealed them up, he must empty them into the wine-press.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Introduction
This mishnah is a continuation of yesterday’s mishnah. Here we discuss what happens if after corking the jars the owner wishes to change their status. For instance, he decides that instead of selling the jars with the wine he wants to sell the wine and lend the jars. Or he decides that he wants to give terumah from one jar for the other, instead of giving from each and every jar. Does just uncorking the jar cause it to revert to its previous status?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ואינו צריך לערות – and it is enough for them with the opening as it was at first
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Bet Shammai says: the jars must be opened and emptied into the wine-press. Bet Hillel says: they must be opened but need not be emptied. According to Bet Shammai, in order for the wine to revert to its previous status, he needs to open the jars and pour the wine back into the wine-press. If he does this, then he can put the wine back into the jar and then sell the wine and not the jars. In this way, the jars will not be maaser sheni. Bet Hillel is more lenient and says that all he has to do is just open the jars up again. He need not empty them into the wine-press. Now he can sell the wine and just lend out the jars, and thereby prevent the jars from becoming maaser sheni.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
בד"א – for if after he sealed it up, he called it by the name [Second Tithe], the [Second] Tithe acquired the wine-vessels.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
When does this apply? In a place where they are usually sold closed, but in a place where they are usually sold open, the jar does not revert to hullin. The leniency of Bet Hillel applies only if jars of wine are normally sold closed in that place. In such a place opening the jars will effect a change in their status. However, if jars of wine are normally sold open, the jar does not become hullin, non-sacred. If the jar had been maaser sheni, it remains maaser sheni.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
במקום שדרכן למכור סתומות – that in the same manner in Jerusalem, the wine-vessel is secondary to the wine as it is taught in the Mishnah above in the first chapter (Mishnah 3). Therefore, he has also - acquired [Second] Tithe in the country (i.e., outside of Jerusalem and the Temple).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
If, however, he wishes to be stringent upon himself and to sell [only] by measure, the jar reverts hullin. There is one way that the jar can revert to hullin. If the seller opens the jar and decides to sell it by measure, then the jar won’t be sold with the wine and the jar becomes hullin. He will not be able to sell the whole jar of wine at one time, but just pour out wine into other people’s vessels.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
אבל במקום שדרכן למכור פתוחות לא יצא הקנקן לחולין – in Jerusalem. Therefore [in the country] he also did not acquire [Second] Tithe.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Rabbi Shimon says: also when one says to his friend, “This jar [of wine] I am selling to you from its jar, the jar reverts to hullin. Rabbi Shimon provides another way for the jar to revert to being hullin. If the seller specifically says to the buyer that he is selling just the wine, then the buyer can use the jar and give it back to him when he is done with it. In this case the jar is not maaser sheni.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
אבל אם רצה להחמיר על עצמו למכור במדה – Whomever purchases wine with the monies of Second Tithe in Jerusalem, when the seller comes to sell, if he wants to be stringent with himself and said: “Such-and-such wine with a measure I sell to you for such-and-such monies.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
יצא קנקן לחולין – and even if the wine-vessels are closed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
This is how we read it (the Mishnah): ר"ש אמור אף האומר לחברו יין זה אני מוכר לך חוץ מקנקנים יצא קנקן לחולין – And in the Jerusalem Talmud it explains it that Rabbi Shimon refers to that which was taught in the Mishnah above that if he sealed [it], he called it the name “[Second] Tithe}. And we learn that Rabbi Shimon specifically calls all the wine in the wine-vessel by the name “[Second] Tithe,” but if he said: “All he wine is [Second] Tithe except one-fourth, even though when he comes to to measure for his friend that one-fourth, he said to him: “This wine I sell to you except for the wine-vessel that I want to leave for the [Second] Tithe that is in it, nevertheless, the wine-vessel was not made secondary to the Second Tithe, and the wine-vessel is expended for a non-sacred purpose and he does acquire [Second]Tithe.
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